‏إظهار الرسائل ذات التسميات System Analysis and Design. إظهار كافة الرسائل
‏إظهار الرسائل ذات التسميات System Analysis and Design. إظهار كافة الرسائل

Solved Objective Questions of System Analysis and Design set-5

1. ……………….. includes review of the existing procedures and information flow.
A) Feasibility Study
B) Feasibility report
C) System Design
D) System analysis

2. A rectangle in a DFD represents
A) a process
B) a data store
C) an external entity
D) an input unit

3. …………….. refers to the collection of information pertinent to systems Project.
A) Data transfer
B) Data gathering
C) Data Embedding
D) Data Request

4. ………………….. means coordinated effort, to communicate the information of the system written form.
A) System documentation
B) Resource required
C) Development schedule
D) User Document

5. MDP stands for
A) Master Development Plan
B) Master Design Program
C) Mandatory Database Program
D) Master Database Plan

6. External Entities may be a
A) Source of input data only
B) Source of input data or destination of results
C) Destination of results only
D) Repository of data

7. …………………. is a group of interested components working together towards a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process.
A) System
B) Network
C) Team
D) System Unit

8. To create vehicle of information to provide evidence in the development process and to monitor the process. This is one of the objectives of
A) Analysis
B) Design
C) Development
D) Documentation

9. A …………. System is no more than idea
A) Conceptual
B) Logical
C) Physical
D) All of the above

10. By an external entity we mean a
A) Unit outside the system being designed which can be controlled by an analyst.
B) Unit outside the system whose behavior is independent of the system being designed
C) A unit external to the system being designed
D) A unit which is not part of a DFD



Answers:
1.   A) Feasibility Study
2.   C) an external entity
3.   B) Data gathering
4.   A) System documentation
5.   A) Master Development Plan
6.   B) Source of …… destination   of results
7.   A) System
8.   D) Documentation
9.   A) Conceptual
10.   C) A unit external …… being designed

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MCQ of System Analysis and Design with answer set-4


1. The rate of ……………. Is always an important factor for management especially in relation to the rate of return
A) Cost
B) Benefit
C) Sales
D) Investment

2. Which of the following is / are the Characteristics of information?
A) Accuracy and Relevance
B) Form of information and Timeliness
C) Completeness and Purpose
D) All A, B & C


3. The data Flow Diagram is the basic component of …………… system
A) Conceptual
B) Logical
C) Physical
D) None of the above

4. State True or False.
i) Master Development Plan basically is a schedule of various applications to be comprised.
ii) It consists of start and finish dates of a system analysis, design implementation and maintenance activities.
A) i-True, ii-True
B) i-False, ii-True
C) i-True, ii-False
D) i-False, ii-False

5. The Key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis is / are ……………….
A) Economic
B) Technical
C) Behavioral
D) A, B, C

6. Data cannot flow between two data stores because
A) it is not allowed in DFD
B) a data store is a passive repository of data
C) data can get corrupted
D) they will get merged

7. …………………… is a schedule of various applications to be computerized.
A) Materials planning
B) Master development Plan
C) Manufacturing organization
D) None of the above

8. ……………. Costs for a computer based information system include the salaries of the system analysts and computer programmers. ………… costs for a computer based information system include the salaries of the computer operator and other data processing personnel.
A) Development, Development
B) Development, Operating
C) Operating, Development
C) Operating, Operating

9. The characteristics of well designed system are
a) Practical          b) Effective         c) Secure             d) Reliable           e) Flexible           f) Economical

A) a, b, c and d
B) a, c, d and e
C) a, b, c, d and e

D) a, b, c, d, e and f

10. …………….. gives defining the flow of the data through and organization or a company or series of tasks that may or may not represent computerized processing.
A) System process
B) System flowchart
C) System design
D) Structured System

Answers:
1.   D) Investment
2.   D) All A, B & C
3.   B) Logical
4.   A) i-True, ii-True
5.   D) A, B, C
6.   D) they will get merged
7.   B) Master development Plan
8.   B) Development, Operating
9.   D) a, b, c, d, e and f
10.   B) System flowchart

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Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3


 Q.1 A ……………… system in no more than idea.
A) Conceptual
B) Logical
C) Physical
D) None

Q.2 Design Phase consists of …………………….
1.       Identity the functions to be performed
2.       Design the input/output and file design
3.       Defining basic parameters for system design
A) 1 & 2
B) 2 & 3
C) 1 & 3
D) 1, 2 & 3


Q.3 A context diagram
A) Describes the context of a system
B) is a DFD which gives an overview of the system
C) is a detailed description of a system
D) is not used in drawing a detailed DFD

Q. 4 HIPO stand for
A) Hierarchy input process output
B) Hierarchy input plus output
C) Hierarchy plus input process output
D) Hierarchy input output Process

Q.5 Statement of scope and objectives, opportunities and performance criteria ………….
A) Problem definition
B) System analysis
C) System Design
D) Documentation

Q.6 Information can be categorized into …………….
1.       Environmental information
2.       Competitive information
3.       Government information
4.       Internal information
A) 1, 2 & 3
B) 1, 2 & 4
C) 2, 3 & 4
D) 1, 3 & 4

Q.7 System Development process is also called as ……………..
A) System Development Life Cycle
B) System Life Cycle
C) Both A and B
D) System Process Cycle

Q.8 The output of problem definition stage is ……………..
A) Master Development Plan
B) Terms of reference
C) Feasibility report
D) Final product

Q.9 Advantages of system flowcharts ………………….
A) Effective communication
B) Effective analysis
C) Queasier group or relationships
D) All A, B, C

Q.10 Based on the identification of objectives, input, output and file content, the vital document is called …
A) System Definition
B) System Document
C) System Requirement Document
D) System Subject

Q.11 A context diagram is used
A) as the first step in developing a detailed DFD of a system
B) in systems analysis of very complex systems
C) as an aid to system design
D) as an aid to programmer

Q.12 Which of the following is/are the sources for project requests?
A) Request from Department managers
B) Request from senior executives
C) Request from system Analyst
D) All of the above

Q.13 DDS stands for …………………
A) Data Data Systems
B) Data Digital System
C) Data Dictionary Systems
D) Digital Data Service

Q.14 ………….. Phase is a time consuming phase and yet a very crucial phase
A) Feasibility Study
B) Requirement Phase
C) Analysis Phase
D) Testing Phase

Q.15 A DFD is normally leveled as
A) It is a good idea in design
B) It is recommended by many experts
C) it is easy to do it
D) It is easier to read and understand a number of smaller DFDs than one large DFD

Q.16 ………………. is responsible for all aspects of data processing, operation research, organization and method, system analysis and design investments.
A) Management Services Director
B) Data Processing Manager
C) Computer Manager
D) Both B and C

Q.17 ……………… is a tabular method for describing the logic of the decisions to be taken.
A) Decision tables
B) Decision tree
C) Decision Method
D) Decision Data

Q.18 In ……………… system the interaction between various subsystems cannot be defined with certainty
A) Open System
B) Closed System
C) Deterministic System
D) Probabilistic System

Q. 19 State True or False.
1.       Term of reference is the final output of Feasibility Study
2.       Design specification report is the final output of System Analysis
A) 1-true, 2-true
B) 1-false, 2-true
C) 1-true, 2-false
D) 1-false, 2-false

Q.20 The key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis is include
i) Economical      ii) Technical         iii) Behavioral     iv) Personal
A) i, ii, iv              
B) i, ii, iii
C) ii, iii, iv
D) All of the above

Answers:
1.       A) Conceptual
2.       D) 1, 2 & 3
3.       B) is a DFD which .... of the system
4.       A) Hierarchy input process output
5.       A) Problem definition
6.       B) 1, 2 & 4
7.       A) System Development Life Cycle
8.       B) Terms of reference
9.       D) All A, B, C
10.   B) System Document
11.   A) as the first step ... DFD of a system
12.   D) All of the above
13.   C) Data Dictionary Systems
14.   C) Analysis Phase
15.   D) It is easier to ..... one large DFD
16.   A) Management Services Director
17.   A) Decision tables
18.   D) Probabilistic System
19.   D) 1-false, 2-false
20.   B) i, ii, iii

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Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-2


Q.1 ………… is a sort of blueprint of the system Development Effort.
A) MDP
B) DMP
C) MPD
D) DPM

Q. 2 Data store in a DFD represents.
A) a sequential file
B) a disk store
C) a repository of data
D) a random access memory


Q.3 …………… system consists of programs, data files and documentation
A) Conceptual
B) Logical
C) Physical
D) None of the above

Q.4 …………… is a good example of deterministic system.
A) Life cycle
B) Computer Program
C) Software Program
D) None of the above

Q.5 The main ingredient of the report documenting the ……………… is the cost benefit analysis.
A) System Analysis
B) Feasibility Study
C) System Analyst
D) System Design

Q.6  A data flow can
A) Only a data store
B) Only leave a data store
C) Enter or leave a data Store
D) Either enter or leave a data store but not both

Q.7  Changing the relationship with and services provided to customers in such a way that they will not think of changing suppliers is called ………….
A) Lock in customers
B) Lock out customers
C) Lock in competitors
D) Lock out competitors

Q.8  …………… can be defined as data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient and is of real or perceived value in current or prospective decisions.
A) Information
B) Data collection
C) Internal data
D) Sample data

Q.9  Increased volume of sales is an example of ………….…. Benefit. Reduction of bad debts is an example of ………..
A) Tangible, Intangible
B) Tangible, Tangible
C) Intangible, Tangible
D) Intangible, Intangible

Q.10  A data cannot flow between a store and
i) a store              ii) a process        iii) an external entity

A) i and iii
B) i and ii
C) ii and iii
D) ii

Answers:
1.       A) MDP
2.       C) a repository of data
3.       C) Physical
4.       B) Computer Program
5.       B) Feasibility Study

6.       C) Enter or leave a data Store
7.       A) Lock in customers
8.       A) Information
9.       D) Intangible, Intangible
10.   A) i and iii

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Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-1

Q. 1 …………………………. is an important factor of management information system.
A) System
B) Data
C) Process
D) All

Q.2  Which are the following is / are the level(s) of documentation?
A) Documentation for management
B) Documentation for user
C) Documentation for data processing department
D) All of the above


Q.3 ………………………….. level supply information to strategic tier for the use of top management.
A) Operational
B) Environmental
C) Competitive
D) Tactical

Q.4  In a DFD external entities are represented by a
A) Rectangle
B) Ellipse
C) Diamond shaped box
D) Circle
Q.5  …………… can be defined as data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient and is of real or perceive value in current or prospective decisions.
A) System
B) Information
C) Technology
D) Service
Q.6 Use the new system as the same time as the old system to compare the results. This is known as ……
A) Procedure Writing
B) Simultaneous processing
C) Parallel Operation
D) File Conversion

Q.7 Decision making model was proposed by ………………….
A) Harry Goode
B) Herbert A Simon
C) Recon Michal
D) None of this

Q.8 A data flow can
A) Only emanate from an external entity
B) Only terminate in an external entity
C) May emanate and terminate in an external entity
D) May either emanate or terminate in an external entity but not both

Q. 9 …………… can be defined as most recent and perhaps the most comprehensive technique for solving computer problems.
A) System Analysis
B) System Data
C) System Procedure
D) System Record

Q.10 SDLC stands for
A) System Development Life Cycle
B) Structure Design Life Cycle
C) System Design Life Cycle
D) Structure development Life Cycle



Answers:
1.       A) System
2.       D) All of the above
3.       D) Tactical
4.       A) Rectangle
5.       B) Information

6.       C) Parallel Operation
7.       B) Herbert A Simon
8.       C) May emanate and ………entity
9.       A) System Analysis
10.   A) System Development Life Cycle

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Systems Development


Introduction:

Systems development is the process of defining, designing, testing, and implementing a new software application or program.  It could include the internal development of customized systems, the creation of database systems, or the acquisition of third party developed software. Written standards and procedures must guide all information systems processing functions. The organization’s management must define and implement standards and adopt an appropriate system development life cycle methodology governing the process of developing, acquiring, implementing, and maintaining computerized information systems and related technology.


Examination Objectives:

Determine if the board and management have established and maintained effective systems development methodology. This is accomplished through the following examination objectives:

• Board and Management Oversight – Assess the adequacy of systems development oversight by examining related policies, procedures, and methodology.

• Risk Assessment—determine the level of systems development activities existing within the institution.  If systems development activities for mission-critical systems are handled primarily through a service provider, evaluate management’s due diligence to ensure appropriate documentation and controls exist within the service provider’s development processes.  Assess the adequacy of the institution’s risk assessment process for systems development.

• Internal Controls—Evaluate the effectiveness of preventive and detective controls designed to identify material deficiencies on a timely basis. The internal audit function should identify systems development as an area for evaluation and review.


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Feasibility studies

Feasibility studies aim to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses of an existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats as presented by the environment, the resources required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for success. In its simplest terms, the two criteria to judge feasibility are cost required and value to be attained. As such, a well-designed feasibility study should provide a historical background of the business or project, description of the product or service, accounting statements, details of the operations and management, marketing research and policies, financial data, legal requirements and tax obligations. Generally, feasibility studies precede technical development and project implementation.

Technical feasibility

The assessment is based on an outline design of system requirements in terms of Input, Processes, Output, Fields, Programs, and Procedures. This can be quantified in terms of volumes of data, trends, frequency of updating, etc. in order to estimate whether the new system will perform adequately or not. Technological feasibility is carried out to determine whether the company has the capability, in terms of software, hardware, personnel and expertise, to handle the completion of the project. When writing a feasibility report the following should be taken to consideration:

  • A brief description of the business to assess more possible factor/s which could affect the study 

  •  The part of the business being examined 

  •  The human and economic factor 

  •  The possible solutions to the problems 

At this level, the concern is whether the proposal is both technically and legally feasible (assuming moderate cost).



Economic feasibility

Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of a new system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compare them with costs. If benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the system. An entrepreneur must accurately weigh the cost versus benefits before taking an action.

Cost-based study: It is important to identify cost and benefit factors, which can be categorized as follows: 1. Development costs; and 2. Operating costs. This is an analysis of the costs to be incurred in the system and the benefits derivable out of the system.

Time-based study: This is an analysis of the time required to achieve a return on investments. The future value of a project is also a factor.

Operational feasibility

Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and takes advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development.




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How to Talk to Users [for analyst members of a JAD team]


●      Encourage users to speak up. Don't assume they understand that they carry equal authority on the team.
●      Ask probing questions about how users do their work, even about points that seem obvious. Ask why they so something as well as "what" and "how."
●      Do state the obvious (once, at least). Don't assume that something is "common knowledge."
●      Ask for clarification. Don't assume you are the only one confused. If users start talking office-lingo, bring them gently back down to Earth.
●      Restate the user's points in your own words to make sure you understand each other.
●      Avoid technical explanations and computer jargon. if you must use technical terminology, provide a list of terms and definitions.
●      Mention problems that you see when you see them. Don't assume that users are not mentioning something because it's okay.
●      Be clear about your schedule for implementing features. Provide frequent opportunities to reevaluate and discuss the "to do " list.
●      Make a distinction between features which will not be implemented because they are technically impossible and those for which there simply isn't time. Be gentle when dealing with ideas which are impractical.
●      Be open to ideas and maintain a non-judgmental stance.

 

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How do you know if your JAD is successful?


After creating Joint Application Development (JAD) team and managing it for any project to complete, you have to know if your JAD is successful or not. Here are some methods from which you will able to know about your JAD success. 

By applying the positive answers for the following questions.

● Are your meetings well attended?

● Are all affected parties involved/aware of decisions being made?

● Did you solve the true underlying problem?

● Is your solution accepted and used by your clients?

● Is the solution available on time?

By applying the following Success Factors

● A clear purpose shared by all team members - the project charter

● A diverse team, representative of all areas effected by this project.

● Every person in the group has equal responsibility and decision making power.

● Every idea is valuable. Throughout the JAD, listen and acknowledge each idea and concern. Evaluating ideas during a brainstorming session will shut down the creative process. The best idea may never get said out of fear of being shot down.

● Participation by everyone is very important. Encourage quieter members to speak, they often have the best ideas. Don't allow 1 or 2 members to dominate. This is the facilitators responsibility as well as the whole teams' responsibility.

● Listen when others speak, don't interrupt or talk while others are talking (side conversations may have great ideas...we don't want to miss them).

● Maintain a parking lot to record important issues that are not within the scope of this project.

● Don't hold meetings, just to hold meetings. Only meet when there is something substantial to talk about.

● Don't let more than 3 or 4 weeks pass between meetings, you will loose momentum. Remember, each meeting is a motivation for the team to complete tasks assigned. It is no fun to come to a meeting and admit you didn't finish your task.

● Decisions are reached by consensus. We are here to create a win/win solution...win/lose solutions aren't good enough. You can reach consensus by giving everyone three options:

○ Thumbs up - I agree

○ Thumbs down - I disagree

○ Thumbs sideways - I can support this idea


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Checklist For Getting a JAD Started


  1. Define the Project
The JAD Project Leader meets with the Project Sponsor to complete a JAD Project Charter.
  1. Form the JAD Group
 The Project Leader and Project Sponsor form the JAD Group making sure you have all affected areas represented. You will need a Project Sponsor, Project Leader, Business Users and Systems Analysts. A JAD Group should have 8 or fewer total members. It is hard to be effective with more than 15 members.
  1. First JAD Meeting - Kick off Meeting
Your first JAD meeting may have the following agenda items:
○    Share problem definition and overall goal. Get consensus on these two items.
○    Train each member of the new group on what a JAD Group is so they will understand the purpose, the roles and how a JAD works.
○    Establish JAD Group expectations/responsibilities.
○    Determine meeting frequency, time and place.
○    Determine roles - Project Sponsor, Project Leader, Record Keeper, Timekeeper, Clients.
○    Continue holding JAD meetings approximately every week or every other week until you have reached consensus on a design.
  1. JAD Meetings - Planning, Analysis, Design Phase
○    Review the current process - map it out
○    Identify Problems/Challenges in the current process
○    Brainstorm solutions for those problems and challenges
○    Benchmark other organizations for possible solutions
○    Consider Buy vs. Build
○    Survey your customers for problems and ideas
○    Evaluate list of generated ideas
○    Determine your course of action - tasks to be accomplished
○    Develop your timebox - list of tasks, who is assigned and when each task is due.
○    Present the Project Design to the Project Sponsor and Representative Customers and Get the Thumbs Up
○    Communicate, Communicate, Communicate
  1. JAD Meetings - Development, Execute, Finish Phase
Meet every 2 weeks to make sure the development stays on track
Agenda - how did we do on our goals?
○    Discuss problems and challenges
○    Make decisions jointly
○    Set goals for next meeting
○    Assign tasks
Assign as many of the project duties as possible to members of the JAD this helps build buy in and a feeling of ownership towards the project.


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